Central-battery duplex telegraph system



Aug, `19, 1930. A. A'THERTON Filed July 28. 1927 www l CENTRAL BATTERY DUPLEX TELEGRAPH SYSTEM 4 Sheets--SheetI 1 gime/*wot @Thoma/mf Aug. 19, 1930. A. ATHERTON 1,773,336

CENTRAL BATTERY DUPLEX TELEGRPH SYSTEM Filed July 28. 1927 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 lllllsl-{IlulI atkogn. A;

Aug. 19, 1930. A ATHRTON 1,773,336

CENTRAL BATTERY DUPLEX TELEGRPH SYSTEMk Filed July 28, 1927 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 f-IIIHWH m F N 35T 3 w www-lll wat@ N Il gwvento/v Aug. 19, l1930.` A. ATHERTON CENTRAL BATTERY DUPLEX TELEGRAPH SYSTEM Filed July 28, 1927 4 Sheets-Sheet. 4

WANN( N AWM Patented Aug. 19, 193@ usaran stares sereni lorrice ALBERT .A'rnnnron or BLooigtFinLn, New JERSEY, 'AssIGNon "ro '11H13` WESTERN UNION Tennessean COMPANY, or NEW Yoan, N. Y., A. conPonn'iiON or NEW YORK CENTRAL-BATTERY .'DU'ELEX TELEGRAPH SYSTEM Application iilcd July 28,

gle source of energy located at the main station. y

, Heretofore such central battery duplex vSystems have employed at the battery station a relay of such character that it tended to repeat a spacing signal each time the transmitting device at that station was operated irrespective of whether the out station was sending a spacing or a marking signal at the time. A condition resulted thereby in which there was a continuous tendency for the signalreceived at the battery station to be mutilated or lost.` l

rAn object of my invention is to provide means for effectively Voperating vadupleX telegraph system with batteries at only one station.

, Another object of mylinvention is to proi vide means for operating polar relays in ,a duplex telegraph system with line batteries at only one station. h

vAnother object of my invention is to provide means for preventing mutilation of sig nals in a duplex telegraph system. n I n Still another object of my inventionis to provide means for operating a duplex system with an artificial line which only approXimately balances vthe main line.

' There are: otherl objects of this invention which, together with the foregoing, willy appear in the description'.whichv follows.

In practicing my invention, I provide a duplex telegraph system with sources otenergy ,located `at one, station'. An 'unbiased polar relay Klocated thereat is unaffected by reversalsv ofpolarity from the source of enlergvbut responds to changes oi line current produced byl the transmitter at tliedistant station. A polarized relay at the same re-V mote station responds tothe changes in polarity of the source ofenergy. l

vF-'gs 1 andQ are l.diagrams of kthe circuits employedand illustrate the effects produced 1927. serial No. 208,983.

on the receivers by the operation of the key at the remote substation; Fig. 1 showing the open key (condition and Fig. 2 the closed key condition.

connecting the apparatus at the main station M and ysubstation S. A single source of energy 25 is shown. at the `main station controlled bythe key 1.

l The'po'lar relay26 comprises, in addition to its windings 8, 4t, 5 and G, a winding 8 which, when carrying current, magnetically polarizes the armature. The ohmic resistanceA of the artificial line 11 is intermediate that of the line when the key 22 is open, as shown vin Fig. 1, and that when the line is closed, as shown in Fig. 2. I

Y At the substation, the polarized relay 28 comprises four windings 14,15, 16 and 18 and an armature 17. 1n addition to the ley 22 and sounder 24, there isa ground path 2O with an ohmti-c resistance substantially greater than the main line 9. i

v VlVith the key@ at the branch oilice in open position, as shown in-Fig. 1, a circ-uit is completed 'from groundfthrough the positive side Lof battery 25, contact and armature 1, conductor 2, windings 8 and l in series, line conductor 9, windings 14, 15. 16and18 in series, conductor 19 and .groundpath 20 to ground.. second circuit is completed atthe main station from battery 25, heretofore nienti'oiied, through windings 45 and 6 Vin series, and -artiiicialline 11 to ground, and a third circuit is completed from battery 25 through winding .8 and resistance 27 yto ground.

It should be noted at this time that the windings 3 and Il are arranged to produce flux which opposes that produced in rthe windings 5 and r6. The current in windings 3 ande producesaI iiux which passes from pole 29'to pole 30 and around the core back duces just the Opposite effect, tending to vmake 29 a 'south 'pole n' and 3.0 a north pole. The current rflowing tliroi'igh .the winding 8 to 29. The current in windings 5 andv pro-l produces a flux which makes its tipr a south pole and the pivot point a north pole.

Since the current in the main line 9 is flowing through the comparatively high resistant ground path 20, the value of this current will be much less than that flowing in line 10 and artificial line 11, the resistance of the latter being, as already stated, of a value intermediate that of the line with the key 22 closed and that with 'the key open. The current in. the windings and 6 being, theref-ore,much larger than that flowing in 3 and 4, the flux produced by the former is greater with the result that 8O becomes a north pole and 29 a southpole. The armature is therefore, drawn to .the position shown, the south pole tip of the armature being attracted t-o the north pole 30. A

At the substation, the windings 14 and 15,

- of the polarized relay are wound so that the fluxes they produce add to those produced by windings 16 and 18. Since these are now in a series circuit and the current value in them is the same, they produce a flux which makes 31 a south pole and 32 a north pole. The armature 17 is permanently magnetized to makeits tipa south pole and its pivot a north pole so that it is attracted to the pole face 32.

When the key 22 is operated to close its conta-ct, the condition disclosed in Fig. 2 is obtained. v

The circuit heretofore traced for windings 5 and 6 and artificial line 11 and the circuit for the winding 8 remain the same. The current over the line 9 now flows through windings 14 and 15 at the substation, over conductor 21, key 22 and its closed position to ground. The windings 16 and 18 and ground path 2O are short-circuited by this path, and comparatively no current Hows therethrough. rlhe artificial line 11, it will be recalled was designed to have a lower resistance than the resistance of the line 9 with the key 22 open and a higher resistance when the key is closed. Therefore, the current flow in the windings 3 and 4 will be greater than that in the windings 5 and 6 with a resultant flux whien will now make pole face 29 a north pole and 30 a south pole. The direction of flow of current in the winding 8 has not changed and the armature is now attracted to the pole face 29, as shown. An obvious circuit is thereby completed for sounder 13.

Attention is called at this time to the fact thatno change in the direction Vofcurrent has occurred. The operation of the key 22 merely changed t ie line resistance from greater than that of 19 to less, with an laccompanying change of ti current in the windings of polar relay n Y The current flow in windings 14 and 15 being inthe same direction as before, the increase in its amount has no effect on the polarity of the pole face and the armature 17 remains in its position attracted by 32 and unaffected by the operation of the key 22.

Referring now to Fig. 3, the effects produced by the operation of the key 1 will now be explained. Vith the key 22 in open position, as shown in Fig. 1, the armature 7 is attracted to pole face 30 and armature 17 is attracted to pole face 32. Operating key 1 should, of course, have n-o effect on polar relay -26 while still operating the armature of polarized. relay 28. Figs. 1 and 3 are taken for comparison in connection with the effect on relay 26 because the position of key 22 is the same in both these figures and the relay 26 should, therefore, be in the same position. The effect on relay 28 can be noted by comparison of either Fig. 1 or Fig. 2 with Fig. 3.

Vith the key 1 closing the negative terminal of battery 25, the circuits and current values in them are the same as those in Fig. 1, except that the polarities are reversed. As already pointed out, the currents in windings 5 and 6 are greater than in windings 3 and 4. Since their direction is, however, reversed, 29 will now become a north pole and 30 a south pole. However, the direction of flow of current in winding 8 has also been reversed so that the tip end now is a north pole and is, therefore, attracted to pole face 30. In other words, no effect has been produced on the armature 7 by the reversal of battery polarity. Attention is called at this time to the circuit arrangement which makes a polar relay unresponsive to polarity reversals. By providing a winding 8 on the armature 7 connected in the same circuit as the remaining windings, reversals in polarity of the line effect both polarity of the pole faces and the armature, therebyproducing no change in the position of the armature.

YAt the substation, however, a change of polarity reverses the flow of flux, making pole face 32 a south pole and pole face 31 a north pole. The permanently magnetized armature 17 is, therefore, attracted to the pole face 31.

' An obvious energizing circuit for the soimder 24 is completed over the armature 17 and its contact.

Referring now to Fig. 4, the last possible combination of key positions is shown. The key 1 is shown closing the negative terminal of battery 25 while the key 22 has closed its ground contact. rvfhis change should not affect the relay 28 while operating relay 26. Comparing with Fig. 3, this is shown to be the case. The circuits are the same as in Fig. 2', except that the direction of flow of currents has been reversed. As compared with Fig. 2, this change of direction should have no effect on the relay 26 while operating relay 28. This is shown to be so by comparison of Figs. 2 and 4.

The rdirection of flow of current having been reversed and the current values being south pole. Y

'Returning again to Fig. 4:, and 'considering the substationapfparatus in comparison with the similar circuit shown in Fig. 2, the di'- rection of li'oW of 'current has been reversed and the polarity of the pole faces, therefore,

has been reversed, thereby operating the armature 17 to its lower position.

It Will be recalled that mention Was made of the fact that With relays `heretofore used in `such a system as this, signals were lost. This Would usually occur When the key at the distant station was operated andV was inirnediately followed by the'operation of the key at the main station. VIf the armature at the main 'station had'started to move respony sive to the operation of the remote key, the relay vWould lose its current during the in- `tervalthe main station lrey VWas moved from contact to contact, and the varmature Would 'return to its back Contact.

4Let itbeassur'ned that 'this condition took place in 'the present system. Referring to Fig. 2, vlet it be assumed that key 22 Was moved to open its ground "circuit L kImmediately, as alreadyexplained, armature 7 v ,would movejtovvards pole face 30.' However,

. before reaching its upper-position,- fthe key 1 isbper'ated andyforan instant, disconnects battery from the system.V This is thecond'iformersystem. l y

" Inthis invention, however, there being vrtion Which results in a false 'operation inthe no biasing force on `the armature 7, it

`Will now continuev 'of its 'oWn inertia'to-Ward pole yface 30. In thispway, no signal is lost. Even though the armature didnot continue,

' being unbiased, `it Would not return tof-the pole face k29 to again close the now open circuit of sounder 13.

` Inthe foregoing description, I have mentionedjspecifically the use ofgrou'nded rmain linebatteries and return' circuits. It is oblvious that yungrounded currentsources and full 'metallic return circuits are :equally applicabletoa system such as that herein 'described'. f v j Y Furthermore, it is known that there 'are other types votf'polar rrelays thanthe-one described jherein.' Such relays are'feqi'ially vap-` plicfable to the purpose offmy-invention'and ymay be 'similarly' Aadapted thereto by modifylthem inthe manner hereinfset forth. I' Other means are known by which kthe -a'frstrength. f

mature polarizing Vcoil and theoperati-ng coils of the polar relay vcan be 'connected togive thek `polarizing veffect f described above when actuated by currenttlowing from the ,pol-e- 'changercontacts l For the Apurp'ose'of disclosing my invention I have herein "shown vone arrangement So-f circuits but Ican make variousA changes therein While still embodying this invention .and -hfe'nce Iam not'restricted to the 'particular -arrangement -shoi'vn but intend to 'cover all that jareembraced Within tliefscope of thefollowing 3lai1iisi 1. Ina-'duplex telegraph s'ysteimthef'combination of a first station, a vsecond station, a 'duple'xsii'gnaling line'c-onn'ecting said stations, a polarreceiving relay connected to said line at said ii'rst 1station, a single source of .energy and circuit arrangements whereby` said single lsource supplies energy foritransmitting signals inei'tlier direction, said 'receiving relay being vresponsive ytoy impulses'r transmitted `tio'ns, "of artificial lines fatfeach station of resistance dierent than said line and ranging in `value Ibetween `predetermined lim`i`ts,fand

'means 'for simultaneously lftfrarisn'iitting "im- 4ltioii, `a second stat-ion, a llinefc't'in-'n'ecting said lstations f a'n'd artificial lines at 'eachstatiom each fof said artificial lfi'n'es hayi'ng different resistances ranging in 'value between ...prede- "ter'n'iined limits, and; circuit arrangement-s for simultaneously transmitting 'impulse-s Sover said line.

'5. VIn za telegraph system, 'a fiirst station, a

secondstation. 'fa line connec'ting said istations', means for *tifa-rismitting' impulses of yvarying intensity over said line, a-polarrela'y 'at'said firststation, andv circuit-arrangements 'second station,a l'ineconnecting sai-dstations,

-`ni'eaiis for transmitting 'impulses df reversed Ipolarity over lsaidv lines, means 'for jtransmit- 4 ting timpulses of fv'ary'fi'ng strength oyerfsaid "line, a 'polarr'relay atsafid lfirst`stati''on','fanfd circuitarrangementsWherebysaid relay is -unresponsive gto 'sfaid .polarity reversals andlfis responsive to said impulses `fo-f'.varying 7. In a 'telegraph system,a-rststation, a

'second station, a linef'conjnecting saidstations,

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unbiased receiving relays at said stations, means for transmitting impulses of` varying polarity over said line, means for simultaneously transmitting impulses of varying strength over said line, one of saidreceiving relays being responsive only to changes in strength and another of said relays being responsive onlyy to changes in polarity.

' 8. In a telegraph systeina lirst station, a

second station, a polar relay at said first station, a polarized relayat said secondstation,

means for transmitting impulses of reversed polarity, means for transmitting impulses of varying strength, and circuit arrangements whereby said polar relay responds only to impulses of varying strength and said polarized relay responds only to impulses ot varying polarity.

9. rlhe combination of a circuit and a polar relay, comprising an armature and Aa winding which, when carrying current, polarizes said armature, said circuit being so connected to lsaid Windingas to render said relay unrespon- 12. The method of operating a duplex telegraph system wliich comprises transmitting signals composed of jiinpulses of reversed polarity in one direction over the duplex system and signals composed of` impulses of varying vintensity in the opposite direct-ion.

1 3. In a duplex telegraph system, a signalling line, a polar receiving relay` connected to saidlin'e comprising a' plurality of windings,

abattery connection intermediate said wind- Y ings, anarmature, a winding' on said armaturefconnected to said battery, and means including circuit. connections whereby7 said [relay isv nonresponsive to currentL iiowing through said windings from said battery irrespective of changes in resistance of said line.

14. In a duplex telegraphsystein, a signalling line, a polar relay connected to each end v,of said signalling line, each of said polar relays Comprising a plurality, or windings .connected in series with said signalling line,

a1 comparatively high resistance connected in vseries with one of said relays opposite said Qline, `said resistance being grounded and a.

resistance of: smaller value connected in series with said other relay'opposite said line, said resistance being alsof grounded. Y Y

Y' 15. In a duplex telegraph systeni,a signalling line, a polar relay connected thereto at each-end of said signalling line, eachof said pola-r relays comprisinga plurality of windings connected in series with said signalling line, a comparatively high resistance connected in series with one of said relays opposite saidline, said resistance being grounded, a resistance of smaller value connected in series with said other relay opposite said line, said resistance being also grounded, a battery connected intermediate the windings of said second mentioned relay and a ground connection intermediate the windings of said first mentioned relay. y

16. In a duplex telegraph system, a signalling line, a polar relay connected thereto at each end of said signalling line, each of said polar relays comprising a plurality ot windings coniiected in series with said signalling line, a comparatively high resistance connected in series with one of said relays opposite said line, said resistance lbeing grounded, a resistance of smaller value connected in series with said other relay opposite said line, said resistaiicealso being grounded, a battery connected intermediate the windings of said second mentioned relay and a ground connection intermediate the windings of said iirst mentioned relay and an armature winding on said second mentioned relay, said armature winding being connected to said battery.

17. In a duplex telegraph system, a signalling line, a polar relay connected to each end of said signalling line, a ground return circuit therefor and means including circuit connections for transmitting impulses from either end to the opposite end simultaneously, the receiver at each end being non-responsive to impulses transmitted therefrom and means including circuit connections whereby said duplex operation is independent of changes in the line resistance of said signalling line.v

. 8. Ina duplex-telegraph system, a signalling line, a balancing means at each end of said signalling line, receiving and transmitting apparatus at each end of said signalling line, said apparatus operating to transmitand Yreceive signals over said signalling line simultaneously in each direction without interference for varying values of said balancing means between predetermined limits.

19. In combination, a polar lrelay having a core, a winding on said core, an armature, a winding on said armature, and means including circuit connections for varying the polarity of current flow through said windings said circuit connections being such that said polar relay is noii-responsive to saidy variationsV of polarity through the windings.

20. In a polar relay comprising aplurality of cores, a plurality of windings on each core. an armature, a winding on said armature and a battery connection to the midpoint of the windings on one of said cores, said armature winding being connected to the Vsame terminal of said battery. Y Y l 21. In a polar relay comprising a plurality l of cores, a plurality of windings on each core connected in series, an armature, a winding on said armature, a battery connection to the midpoint of the winding on one of said cores, said armature being connected to the same terminal of said battery and a resistance connected in series with said plurality of windings, said windings being connected in series and a line connected in series with said winding.

22. In a duplex telegraph system, a signal ling line, a polar receiving relay connected to said line comprising a plurality of windings, a battery connection intermediate said windings, and means including circuit connections whereby said relay is non-responsive to current flowing through said windings from said battery irrespective of changes in resistance of said line.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature ALBERT ATHERTON. 

